Yvonne Colvard Susan Cozzens the Detroit (.;<~~nm·Anlhi~al and Institute I I Cover: Grade more than percent filled with black children are shown in black. Detroit 1970 Mr, John Watson West Central 3354 Grand River State Senator Coleman Young State lalllllin;, Mjchigan Gentlemen: In r~nse to your request for technical assistance in the implementation of Senate Bill No. 635, we hand yw herewith a copy of a report entitled "A Report to the Parents of Detroit on School Decentralization" the Detrcit G~hical Expedition and Institute. This is the final version of the report we presented to yw in rough form December 1969. The report Is interesting in that it required some of the latest programming techniques in the most advanced languages avail~e on the continent. Five or six mathematical and staffs have worked on the school and grade school based We would like to draw attention to the work of Dr. John the from the London School of Economics who this year is Queen's in and threw himself and into the task to meet the deadlines set to day affairs. Thank you for this to turn abstract science to Miss Gwendolyn Warren Dr. William Bunge, Jr. Research Director Final William Bunge, Yvonne Colvard, Susan Cozzens, Beverly Edward, Dwight Ferguson, Jerol Jordan, Marilyn Middlebrooks, John Trafton, Robert Ward, Gwendolyn Warren Professors Johnston and Charles Baer of the Political Science Detroit; Assistant Professors Ronald Horvath and Edward Vandervelde of the students American Association of Geographers at their quarterly of Professor Ross gave attention to the Special thanks go to the Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies (Bertram M. Gross, director; Michael Research Associate; Urban for the Institute and costs. Thanks also to the Geography of Wayne State for housing the Cartographic Institute. and is to examine of a school decentralization were in existence, step the criteria which the is to be 1 1 besed, It is to "" ""'"' '''"' the interests of the taxpayer, the school system, the teachers union, the rebistered voter the children. needs of the receive first"'"'""'"""' Black children are among the most abused children in America. It is ;..... ,..,,.,.tiiv<> children receive the most infant of black children in the School area on the east side of Detroit is higher than that of San a fact some Americans consider unpatriotic,) Therefore, a a for the schools which protects the most vulnerable children ar.d humane research strategy should be to is still in strict accordance with the law, 1 The main of the bill is that Detroit shall be divided into 7 to 11 rorlif"ll'><>l that each of the regional school districts be "'"'"'"'""'' of voters voted skin color who voted black was considered to be a it can be as shown below. pattern which a this report recommends to the Generalized for Boundaries of Child Protection Districts Senate Bill No. 1' in dn•n<>n,rliv L) 11, 1969. From the 194 which follow this pattern, 91.4 per cent of the black children mapped below as best. This plan Mumford nn><:<>lnt~or~ in the progress report, there are n, •. ,-~:,,nn of the progress report, the research team of For this report, the data which 91.4 per cent of black nn-.t""'t'>rl if the law did not such 3 Mumford In we recommend a from the battles of adults. The wisdom of the will become the final B. puts like schools and protects the can decide best on which of the many Control 4 and one clear measure: the rn"'"""'"r<. in the total to John R. 5 black concentration 1970- 45 1971 - 48 1972-50 1973-52 1974 54 1975-57 1976-60 -64 -67 1979-70 1980-73 Predicted Per Cent of Black Residences in Detroit The argument that the rich suburbs added to the central the economic «r~,,,,.,,'~-"'''"' and remote to them. For General Motors' near Woodward is in the Northern School District but what Northern? in such C. The Deciine of Urban Local Government has left no local government in American elties. That services, and most will not have to move to the sub-urbs to get local government, if Flint with Areas of Government 7 of the lack of the human their characters in curriculum, the children feel like number of references to various ethnic groups in standard Detroit social studies text. cannot express table indicates the 39 Poland Italy Africa Ireland Scotland Greece Judaism 4 6 0 7 3 4 0 2 (Our Countrv, Eibling, King, Harlow) (Many less obvious groups are also left out. references at all to Southern mountain 3% of the people listed in the index were women. There were no some areas of our are heavily '"'"'IJ"''""' curriculum. courses in Polish culture and the language learn to of themselves that they could accept the other cultures of America calmly. But without are denied this chance. 8 9 Plan % black students under No. black controlled B B-2 A 80% December 61% E F 65% 42% c 31% 3 D 33% 4 81% 81% 1 1 1 2 3 4 No. white - controlled 6 6 6 7 5 6 4 4 school it affects the senior stressed that children would continue to "'""'"'"''" were made within the nmonn<:Prl The master and slave were ""'Yir,.nh• the School Board proposes. I black students I 50 school district 25 0 25 50 Percent of black voters on paper. two 75 school district 100 INTEGRATION BY CHANGE (less than nn~on~i:>l children per 1 families) for and 29 children per 100 3 Detroit Public unnecessary administration. the central overgrown In such is understandable that the Board has been the power to decide whether would for its life, No in the world has ever dismantled itself The situation is like to the of decentralization Such fectorn do not induce confidence in the School Board's decision which will be for the At such a moment of children. The School Board is so t~:hnir.al bill badly is 011errulied by a seoond OOliSICIIillV received. The time has come for parents and competent technical from the to sit down and reason ""'""Hu•r with the School Board and its technicians. this effort may save the children from further ~ I i ~I w l I 8~ -~ W-1 <. ~t :;:! 0.. ::;:; v1 ..... '-..) ·.w ..... >~ :~c~ """' ..... (/) '"'l a 4::"! (/) w nq , ,......,. N,'<' ,;r;Ji!""" : .-4 :..1, ·"-' +i + + :3 w 4 CJ..I :q '1 -,1 ~0' ~_. ..-~~ + + ~~---+.J!±ll N Jl> ~----~------~---·-------------~------·-------------- ---·---- +2 413 LI...-LJ;- '~~ T I ,{;. ., '-* __ _ --~-~---*~--------- ~-.8..7--2~.;+:'- - - 7 _ _ _ . _ _ _ __J;J HI IE +5920 + 27 333 + +6 l - - - ---E-LA.[J(. -- - - - -W!:LL...... I.._f_ _ + WI I 1\JUM ER PERCENTAGE +62164 19 .. 9 A I I i ~ ~ I ~1+ ~ I vJ, t-t \.) ' >-+ ot ~ 1-i< ·~ i ~ G1 1 ~ l I I dz ~ ~~ c. ~ - .LJ :st Cl, i q, l~ ~ I ~ -II '1 i I I I ~ M I i iI j :j di I II i ~ +4370 ----------------------------------------------------~· ---------------·---···~---·- NUMBER +100412 +49193 PERCENTAGE h* i* 39.4 31.4 41.4 60.6 68.6 22.7 10.0 4.2 20.8 77.3 90.0 95.8 79.2 a 80.0 b 1. 2. 20.0 28.8 28.8 35.9 38.2 40.5 3. 20.5 15.1 15.1 14.4 19.5 4. 79.5 84.9 84.9 85.6 80.5 d !] 64. School Boundaries Altered 1. Percentage of black chi idren under black control. 2. of black children under white control. 3. Percentage of white children under black control. 4. Percentage of white children under white control. a. Northwest b. Action Committee For Education Detroit Council of d. Edison School Parents Club Control of Schools g. Berkowitz Plan h. Detroit Board of Education i. First District Democratic-Education Committee school children. The poor children who are also childr~n under white ooior but of in life. law Metric oompactn~ is 4. 6. listed school and 1. a school of total school 31 "white" and "black" voters for each schools. Research Direct~"" Detroit r ............,.nhii'AI l=vo,....jii~·-.... and Institute School Student Ca~>acities Located Grade Schools Block White 1006 4. 5. 6. 1. 8. 9. 10. 11' 12. 13. Burton Couzens Edmonson Estabrook Fairbanks Thirkell Sanders Crosman Brady Roosevelt Peck 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ...... ""'· Longfellow McCulloch Glazier Custer Hampton Pasteur 22. 23. 24. 30. McDowell Vernor Courtis Noble Winterhalter Woodward Ruth ruff 40. 41. 45. 46. Sherrill 240 1234 2467 788 1536 869 1750 1362 2013 1870 2392 1694 896 13 598 1 0 48 598 629 86 0 1543 0 1191 2097 3160 0 0 0 956 1415 14 1804 1112 2628 1238 2970 11 862 3349 1005 2371 1643 1155 1665 10 0 12 1372 14 541 661 37 837 1823 282 628 103 63 468 133 133 138 164 72 289 36 237 63 230 317 2070 952 30 407 798 943 0 931 1885 1997 2329 109 1466 1773 3941 80 2443 156 1000 263 554 6 1656 525 982 359 133 63 3016 2355 0 1339 78 145 105 82 1839 61 1117 1368 2267 550 2199 839 0 1941 2165 0 1891 1259 171 1251 13 953 834 2278 730 1090 642 14 101 0 0 6 1613 0 1086 849 111 50 584 1506 153 164 149 2104 121 11 1103 663 994 589 301 65 53 66 187 48 146 53. Preston Webster 144 100 45 273 56. 57, Beard 58. Neinas 59. 60. 56 461 1206 62. Sill Hanneman 64. Holmes 92 66. 67. 68. 246 120 Harms Bennett 1704 320 79 320 405 314 648 2269 699 561 737 974 71 634 19 802 1941 887 949 1059 394 66 84 225 140 693 227 985 1383 1131 12 1040 0 132 23 592 1008 10 1009 81 46 670 1330 1249 69. 70. 71. Hunter Jeffries 290 72 1304 0 1219 1330 70 221 1366 736 852 66 95 79, Mark Twain Barton McFarlane Parkman Ford Parker 82. Bums 783 75. 76. 1787 84 250 1775 1 445 999 441 779 1601 301 394 945 207 642 85. 708 654 86. 540 498 233 696 Bewton 89. 90. 91. 170 728 893 408 12 637 454 286 65. 72. 73. 74. 8!5 335 740 257 185 973 1130 790 Edison Dossin 96 294 173 15 1139 1720 948 2497 777 1079 994 1401 2508 2123 3311 2574 846 169 1986 92. 78 1870 164 2511 93. 1746 1318 302 85 45 42 1639 1883 94. 963 Gardner 23 95. 1125 800 leslie 1253 1814 1604 101 102. Mclean McColl Everett 36 1407 674 46 1267 677 376 766 11 533 384 813 104. 105. Marsh 206 6 400 578 1513 27 68 337 948 107. 108. 109. 18 Hubert 163 1 1 112. 28 33 Burt 11 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 128. 1649 11 1440 1358 197 183 1689 91 48 2054 2338 1486 167 26 1286 206 2370 168 1496 2226 185 239 2326 30 1450 988 La reed 16 510 140 56 64 1372 10 157 1055 502 178 744 893 Foster 0 0 1119 265 64 718 0 0 0 400 1022 167 8 838 88 9 761 0 16 730 45 33 90 7 54 864 Holcomb Emerson 56 Pitcher 148 Dow Lincoln 241 Balch Palmer 130. 131. 60 599 631 158 127. 129. 894 61 1592 Moore 132. 954 782 847 006 791 707 134. 253 500 456 1530 468 1 Parke 138 534 201 0 946 350 1055 1782 857 783 39 33 1600 1738 138. Norvell 556 40 140. 340 20 284 1679 Harris Williams Thomas Bellevue 761 1750 24 351 867 21 298 134 92 389 1026 529 6 645 1042 84 1364 0 71 198 175 11 795 366 1565 586 1514 34 605 171 0 0 48 880 36 11 124 451 715 51 805 791 51 221 1425 1021 1551 1160 1881 3105 1327 145 127 938 1616 1856 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. Greenfield Park 570 Marshall Mason Courville Atkinson 168. 169. VanZile 170. 111. 172. Grant Wilkins 173. 114. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184~ 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 1290 Columbus Robinson Carleton Goodale Macomb Hutchinson Marxhausen St. Clair Hamilton 601 3003 1246 549 677 97 194 387 336 1370 1584 2128 648 15 Pulaski Trix Richard Burbank 248 924 30 13 734 496 674 1002 1205 920 2441 1718 300 531 259 471 1622 501 118 2745 1256 3236 102 2717 112 3008 71 68 69 1725 1342 125 35 67 HiS 14 1372 10 1376 16 0 1551 1594 122 200 149 29 1401 226 3952 1 55 147 1359 507 939 170 1802 1506 1233 3489 986 604 795 714 81 554 93 131 1547 1832 2081 2226 3724 3025 83 46 1596 150 405 1558 2719 191. 192. 32 284 15 194. 195. Hosmer Carstens Howe 198. 199. 200. 201 202. 27 682 304 3525 1939 1815 398 20 1520 31 762 1009 746 24 603 1112 2975 196. 197. 2096 742 Hanstein 2296 848 220 85 175 881 Stark 1118 2072 182 280 757 1463 Our which reduces the constraints much more ... + Dick Morrill 38 out of RF I o.DIST . 2R 8 5 3 2 R.,VOTE ~-J., VOTE B.,STDS w.. STDS TTL ST CONTROL 23048e 23 6 .. 6321 .. 8748 .. 13268 .. 16491 .. 12639. 5 720e 5 OL, 7" 5745? .. 32177. 3725 .. 38383 .. 261 1 .. 9753 .. 4783" 23833 .. 896 7" 7003 .. 3735 .. 5004. 7992 .. 11661 .. 41261 .. 3382. 27892 .. 3918u .. 40 87., 43387 .. 34153 .. 21414 .. 46044 .. 27215· 36859 .. B 4 33 22 1 17 1 3n 7 15 27264 .. 1822 .. 5213 .. 4618 .. 12064. 6 27 'J293. CAPCTY 7430. 6?30. VJAXCAP 8173. 1238 .. 8393. 763~. 5 2 HSSTD 7444. 7787 .. 8243 .. 6489 .. 4068 .. .. XCSCAP 72 8 .. -549 .. 149 .. -76 " ZoO,. 6 " 28 .. 993 .. 7270 .. ···• TiJS 80814 .. BeSTDS PRCAP B B 8 w w 8 w ...~, 100 .. 19 118 .. 35 lU8 .. 04 124 .. 7 103 .. :37 2.,82 2 ..53 96 .. 33 23503. ['LAC!< CCJNTROL w.sr s TTL STDS 27116.. ~P9239e It! s~ TD TTL Be 1 78 D I T E C~ T P l 181 * TTL E3U\C ? .. 12'3 i:SU\C S DS l .. ') 2 w~ TROL TDS 1 7 30. - PERSHING • RACIAL TENSION Each dot indicates an iru:::idence of as reoorted to the Michiaan Civil 1968-69. ""' !'>.) 43 SYMPATHETIC AND UNSYMPATHETIC ETHNIC GROUPS -Jewish -Chicano P- Polish i · Italian H· u.s. BLACK POPULATION, 1930 • 75 to 100 per cent 1 to75peroem (U.S. Census, 1930) • 11140 lOOper cent BLACK POPUJ,ATION, 1950 100 per cent 1 to 75 per 19501 COMMUNITY CONTROL AND divided the interest groups are 10 9 number of districts 1 districts 0 per cent of II voters 10 number of 5 0 50 voters per number of 5 100 li 50 ot 100 voters 49 Board pattern most resemble II Board Plan 7 number of 3 districts 0 100 per cent of black voters Control Plan Child 8 Plan 8 number number of of districts districts 3 2 0 per cent of black per cent of black voters Guidelines for 1. It is necessary but not sufficient for coincide with the boundaries of the Control Districts control that the boundaries 2. It is necessary but not sufficient for control that the nn~n,,r,., be reflected in the of districts. In terms of districts. the districts of the communities is another. These the as white must have twice the amount white children. This means that six out of nine be should be under black controL Since the law reads that there it black child. five black to three white, even illegal) to have students boundaries are used as districts. Given these computers were set in motion still another time the power structure them. Within these The plan below is the best one popu Iat ion defined as the least difference he>i""''"'n within the state law, and without (at the and human MAP +l m N ENROllMENT TEQ NG THERN EA TER MACKE"JZIE HAD EY .. WE T N MUMFORD PERSHING + 6426 356 +26793 f-11175 Bl DOlE ENTR .. W I WESTER ON +282Q6 +71 4 73 54 B ~ K BlACK +18 5 + B + 9 RA MAJ RITY ENROl MENT BLAC WHITE s OR THE NEW OISTRI OF 0 IAT ON I BY SBORN +19655 +6620 +30 8 +11245 +43 1 18 4 +302 +3 8 BlA K RlACK WHITE WHITE WHIT +1818 0 +1490':'10 f"i 155800 +211 +21'5 35.,9 NUMBER OF DI POl IT ICTS +5 0 WHI WHI WHIT BlACK FORO EDFOR OOY KING FINNEY so .. EAS N +2 +l n 0 s: NUMBER PERCENTAGE c" ::0 ACK STUDENT WHITE STU!1ENT UNDER BlACK C UNDER WHITE CONTROl +135843 IIIIJC +66549 65 .. 1 ENTS l s l STUDPHS DER BlACK CONTROl DE~ WHITE CONT +171559 +104716 -1 m :E 0 ::0 62 .. 1 17.,9 "'0 'TI ::I) All S s All STUDPHS DFR HOMOGENEO CON DE~ HETEROGENEOUS ONTROl +202392 +738A3 .. 3 26.,7 " 0 ~ ~ ::0 "-1 - "-~--~---~------·~ ~-·-~----- ---~·--·- I( M T P .... Bl A tate +1a 1 ~. ~~ --~---- --"~--- -~-' --~·e-••~-- +19655 +6620 + .. +1 ITIC 00 NUMBER OF Ol +5 0 s I +1 WHI R BLACK R WHITE WHil"E l l TS UNDER TS UN UNDER NUMBER PERCENTAGE +66549 65 .. 1 +171559 +l 16 62 .. 1 .. 9 3 ~f:Tl+J-···· Jli4• .. 1 Ul t.)